Epidural steroid injections (ESIs; interlaminar, transforaminal, or caudal) are used to treat patients with radicular low back pain. Presumably, ESIs work by decreasing swelling and inflammation ...

Several techniques can be used to access the epidural space, including the interlaminar, transforaminal, and caudal approaches (Figure 1). Epidural glucocorticoid injection is primarily ...

Epidural anesthesia: administer test dose first; monitor for CNS or cardiovascular toxicity. 0.25% soln when used for caudal, epidural, or peripheral nerve block, produces incomplete motor block.